Synergistic effect of Si and K in improving the growth,ion distribution and partitioning of Lolium perenne L.under saline-alkali stress

The application of Si or K has proven to be beneficial for the growth of plants under saline-alkali stress. However, the synergistic effect of Si and K in improving the growth, ion distribution, and partitioning in Lolium perenne L. under saline-alkali stress remains unclear. In this study, the growth characteristics and ion-selective absorption of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) exposed to different levels of saline-alkali stress were evaluated. The growth parameters of ryegrass were significantly improved when Si was applied by itself or coupled with K under low saline-alkali stress. Under a high saline-alkali level, only simultaneous application of Si and K could significantly improve the growth of ryegrass. When Si and K were applied together, the K~+/Na~+ and Ca~(2+)/Na~+ ratios in root, stem, and leaf of ryegrass were maximally improved as compared to the individual treatments and control. The K~+ and Ca~(2+) concentrations in the vacuole, cell wall, and organelle of leaf were increased dramatically. This improvement was due to the ability of applied ions to compete with Na+, allowing the plant to maintain osmotic potential and leaf water content. The concentration of Na~+ was significantly reduced when Si and K were applied and mainly concentrated in the soluble fraction and cell wall. The Si concentration in ryegrass increased markedly by the combined application of Si and K, and most of it was accumulated in the cell wall and soluble fraction, which could help in chlorophyll synthesis, reduce membrane injury, and increase water absorption under saline-alkali stress. This study emphasized the advantage of Si and/or K on the growth of plants under different saline-alkaline levels and provided a guide for the production of Si-K fertilizer and its application in saline-alkali soil.     

以庐山或牯岭命名的植物调查及开发利用

为了解庐山以地点命名的植物种类,通过实地调查及查阅文献,统计分析庐山植物资源。结果表明:以庐山或牯岭命名的庐山植物资源有39科56属56种,其中蕨类植物7科12属12种,分别占总科、属、种数的17.95%、21.43%和21.43%;被子植物32科44属44种,分别占总科、属、种数的82.05%、78.57%和78.57%。原以庐山命名的物种被归并的有6种,被改中文名的有11种。     

苯污染对四种室内观叶植物光合作用的影响

为选择适宜新居装修中植物,净化新居环境,研究了四种常见的室内观叶植物:常春藤、绿萝、大叶万年青、吊兰对苯污染的吸收能力及其光合对苯污染的响应。结果表明:4种植物对苯污染均具有一定的净化效果,其净化能力大小表现为常春藤绿萝大叶万年青吊兰。苯污染造成4种植物叶片叶绿素含量下降,其中吊兰下降最多。苯污染下,4种植物叶片光合速率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降,以常春藤下降幅度最小,其余植物反应不一。综合比较,认为4种植物中常春藤是清除苯污染较理想的选择。     

拙政园景观植物现状及优化策略

通过对拙政园植物现状的实地调查,共得木本植物47科74属95种1 144株,草本和水生植物10种。拙政园现有景点38处,其中以植物为主题的景点有24处,占63%,与明代王氏拙政园中的31景中相同的有6处,吻合度为19%。从1950年代开始修葺至今,已跨越了60多年,部分景点的植物调整以明代王氏拙政园的植物景观为依据,在植物种类、形态选择和组成结构等方面提出优化策略,以完善其景观和意境。     

Some plants like it warmer: Increased growth of three selected invasive plant species in soils with a history of experimental warming

Soil warming can affect plant performance by increasing soil nutrient availability through accelerating microbial activity. Here, we test the effect of experimental soil warming on the growth of the three invasive plant species Trifolium pratense (legume), Phleum pratense (grass), and Plantago lanceolata (herb) in the temperate-boreal forest ecotone of Minnesota (USA). Plants were grown from seed mixtures in microcosms of soils with three different warming histories over four years: ambient, ambient +1.7 °C, and ambient +3.4 °C. Shoot biomass of P. pratense and P. lanceolata and plant community root biomass increased significantly in soils with +3.4 °C warming history, whereas T. pratense responded positively but not significantly. Soil microbial biomass and N concentration could not explain warming effects, although the latter correlated significantly with the shoot biomass of P. lanceolata. Our results indicate that soil with a warming history may benefit some invasive plants in the temperate-boreal ecotone with potential impacts on plant community composition. Future studies should investigate the impact of warming-induced differences in soil organisms and nutrients on plant invasion.     

湿地植物通气组织和渗氧对其重金属吸收和耐性研究进展

湿地植物具有强大的通气组织和根部渗氧能力特征,使得其根际微环境处于氧化状态从而适应湿地土壤浸水的环境。近年来,湿地植物通气组织和渗氧在重金属吸收和耐性研究方面已引起了人们的关注,并对此进行了相关的研究。本文分别对湿地植物通气组织和渗氧特征,通气组织和渗氧对重金属吸收和耐性影响、对根际微环境影响等方面的研究进展和存在问题进行了综述,并提出了该领域未来可能的研究方向。认为针对从通气组织和渗氧角度出发研究湿地植物重金属耐性机理,应重点对湿地植物根际重金属的环境化学行为展开深入研究,在研究方法和手段上应注重新技术的开发与应用。     

福建省长汀县河田水土流失区的头序楤木林

本文对长汀县河田镇严重水土流失区的一处次生落叶阔叶林进行植被调查与分析。结果表明:在当地的自然生态环境条件下,人工治理后经砍伐而形成的采伐迹地,有可能形成以落叶阔叶树头序楤木为主的森林植物群落。这一结果为我们在治理水土流失区时,选用耐旱、耐瘠的阳性落叶阔叶树种提供了依据。由于头序楤木对当地环境有较好的适应性,可作为水土流失区的一种较适宜的造林树种。     

西沙群岛维管植物资料增补（Ⅱ）

2019年3月、5月和6月对西沙永乐群岛和宣德群岛的晋卿岛、甘泉岛、琛航岛、广金岛、全富岛、银屿、石屿、鸭公岛、筐仔北岛和永兴岛、石岛、赵述岛、西沙洲、南沙洲、中沙洲、北沙洲、北岛、中岛、南岛共19个岛屿的植物资源进行了野外考察、标本采集、鉴定以及文献查阅,发现西沙群岛新记录植物共23种,其中新记录野生维管植物17种,新增栽培植物6种,隶属于13科20属,凭证标本保存于中国热带农业科学院植物标本室ATCH。此研究为西沙群岛植物资源提供了重要信息。     

牛粪发酵沼液对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用

为探讨牛粪发酵沼液的抑菌机理,以立枯丝核菌为研究对象,进行了试验研究。采用平皿培养方法:培养基表面分别均匀涂布1mL5种不同处理的沼液,即不作处理沼液、沼液灭菌、离心上清液、无菌膜滤液和菌体溶液,中心接种立枯丝核菌并于生化培养箱中28℃培养96h,每12h测量立枯菌落的生长直径以计算抑制率,同时借助分子生物学手段鉴定了沼液中起抑制作用的微生物。试验结果表明菌体溶液和不作处理沼液对立枯的抑制效果较好,抑制率最高可达74%和53%,离心上清液的抑制效果次之,无菌膜滤液和沼液灭菌处理的抑制作用较弱,一般在20%以下;对沼液中的微生物菌群进行了分离、纯化与筛选,获16株菌种,并与立枯丝核菌进行对峙培养试验,其中nfd-9和nfd-16具有较强抑制作用,其他菌株几乎没有抑制作用。将nfd-9、nfd-16与立枯对峙交界面处进行了扫描电镜观察,结果显示:这2株微生物通过竞争、拮抗和重寄生等作用来抑制立枯丝核菌的生长,从而到达防止病害的目的。经分子生物学技术鉴定,确定了nfd-9和nfd-16分别为米根霉菌(Rhizopus oryzae)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)。研究结果为进一步了解沼液抑制真菌的机理提供一定的理论参考。     

基于机器视觉的红掌检测分级方法

中国盆花销售量随着消费水平的提高而迅速攀升,四大盆花之一的红掌在规模化生产中存在分级标准掌控不统一、分级结果不稳定以及效率低下等问题,制约了红掌产品的规模化生产,影响了红掌的出品质量。该研究提出基于机器视觉技术的红掌分级检测方法,对90株红掌的水平和竖直方向图像采集,经过二值化等处理,从侧视轮廓、俯视轮廓及佛焰苞轮廓特征三方面获取红掌植株的高度、冠幅、佛焰苞片数、苞片横径4项指标的信息, 针对每一项指标提出检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法对植株高度测量误差小于5.4 mm;针对植株冠幅提出了当量直径测量方法,佛焰苞片数测量正确率可达98.9%,苞片横径相对误差最大为6.52%。针对试验所选90盆红掌分级成功率达到97.8%。研究表明,利用机器视觉技术能够很好地实现对红掌盆花的在线检测分级。